His family emigrated to Canada because Ahmadiyya, the form of Islam they practiced, was discriminated against in Pakistan.
In December 1999, he successfully defended his thesis on "Learning to Improve the Quality of Plans Produced by Partial-order Planners".
In 2001, he moved to Information Extraction & Transport (IET) Inc. to work as a senior scientist on various DARPA sponsored projects to develop Bayesian network based decision-aid systems.
[10][11] Since 2023, he has served as the associate dean of James Madison University's College of Integrated Science and Engineering.
[16] In 2017, his book Moderate Fundamentalists: Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at in the lens of cognitive science of religion, was published by DeGruyter Press.