Ageo has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.

In 1889, Ageo-juku merged with the hamlets of Ageoshimo, Kashiwaza, Kasugayatsu and Yatsu to form the town of Ageo with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889.

In the 1960s, four large-scale public housing complexes were established, forming new town developments which greatly expanded the city's population.

Agricultural land in the city area is declining, but in addition to pears, grapes and kiwis, various items such as tomatoes, cucumbers and spinach are produced.

In the second half of the 20th century, numerous metallurgical and automobile factories were constructed, and UD Trucks and Bridgestone Cycle remain major employers.