Aggregate (geology)

[8] Lightweight aggregates are made from materials such as expanded clay or pumice and are used to reduce the overall weight of concrete structures.

Composed of dense materials like barite or magnetite, heavyweight aggregates are utilized in applications requiring radiation shielding.

Over time, natural forces such as wind and water erode bedrock, leading to the creation of sand and gravel deposits.

Aggregates also serve as a low-cost extender for more expensive materials like cement or bitumen, making construction more economical.

[11][12] Additionally, recycled aggregates from construction waste contribute to sustainability efforts by reducing landfill use and conserving natural resources.