[8] Today, the site of Agham Kot consists of several mounds that rise 3-5 m above the surrounding farmland and are spread across an area of 200 acres.
[1] According to legend, Muhammad bin Qasim supposedly founded mosques during his brief stay at Agham Kot, providing a starting point for the growth of Muslim religious culture in the city and its surroundings.
[8] Around the time of the Samma dynasty, Agham Kot emerged as one of the great learning centres of Sindh, with hundreds of madrasas and thousands of students.
[8][4] A prominent figure of this period was the Sufi saint Makhdoom Muhammad Ismail Soomro, who died in 1588 CE (996 AH) and was buried here in a monumental tomb which still stands.
Panhwar,[8] cite the city's destruction by the Afghan invader Madad Ali Khan Pathan, which is variously dated to 1781[4] or sometime in the 1790s.
[3] Madad Khan destroyed other cities at the time, such as Badin, Bukera, and Nasarpur; they were rebuilt, but Agham Kot was not,[1] and its residents migrated to other parts of Sindh.
[4] Other historians, such as Kaleemullah Lashari,[10] favour a more economic explanation: when the Indus changed course in the 1700s, the city no longer had access to a vital artery of transport and commerce, and it lost its status as a major trading centre.
[1] Various artifacts have been found in these mounds such as pottery fragments, terracotta toys, decorated tiles, and copper coins.
[4] The shrine, which is entered by way of a monumental domed gate,[4] consists of a square 8x8 meter structure[1] that is ornately decorated in ceramic tiles, but most of them have since fallen off.
[3] In Agham Kot also stands the shrine of Bibi Maham who traveled from Arab to Sindh and settled in Agham Kot,[11] her actual name is Khadijah, the daughter of Shi'ite Imam Musa Al-Kazim,[12] the name "Maham" is believed to be given by the locals who also know her as "Medinay Wali Bibi" which translates to "The Lady of Medinah".
Bibi Maham Khadijah belongs to the sacred lineage[13] of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Imam Musa Kazim, and is estimated to arrive in Indian Subcontinent somewhere between 128 A.H and 170 A.H–deduced from the inscription from the grave's headstone,[14] during the rule of Abbasid dynasty over the Arabian peninsula.
Due to the persecution of the descendants of Imam Ali son of Abi Talib at the hands of Abbasid caliphs[15] many members from the progeny of Muhammad had to migrate to far-off lands including the children of Imam Musa Al-Kazim, imprisoned at the time on orders of Harun Al-Rashid, which also seems to be the reason of Bibi Maham's migration to Sindh region.
The site of Agham Kot is poorly maintained and suffers from official neglect as well as residential encroachment — 130 of its 200 acres are illegally occupied as of 2019.
[10] The 2011 Sindh floods uncovered parts of the ruins at Agham Kot, and careless human activity ended up damaging or destroying a lot of what was dislodged.