Aharon Dolgopolsky, also spelled Aron (Hebrew: אהרון דולגופולסקי, Russian: Арон Борисович Долгопольский; 18 November 1930 – 20 July 2012[1]) was a Russian-Israeli linguist who is known as one of the modern founders of comparative Nostratic linguistics.

[2][3] Born in Moscow, he arrived at the long-forgotten Nostratic hypothesis in the 1960s, at around the same time but independently of Vladislav Illich-Svitych.

Together with Illich-Svitych, he was the first to undertake a multilateral comparison of the supposed daughter languages of Nostratic.

Teaching Nostratics at Moscow University for 8 years, Dolgopolsky moved to Israel in 1976, and taught at the University of Haifa.

Dolgopolsky was featured in the NOVA documentary, In search of the first language.