[1][2] Peiros is affiliated with the Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico, United States and was also a former faculty member at the University of Melbourne.

[3][4] In 1971, Peiros graduated from the Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Moscow State University.

[5] In the article "An Austric Macrofamily: some considerations", Peiros proposed that Austro-Tai (comprising Austronesian and Tai-Kadai), Miao-Yao (Hmong-Mien), and Austroasiatic were all related to each other as part of the Austric language macrofamily.

[6] In 1996, together with Sergei Starostin, he published a 6-volume comparative dictionary of the Sino-Tibetan languages.

[7] Peiros also does research on Amerindian historical linguistics as part of the Evolution of Human Languages (EHL) project, led by Georgiy Starostin.