General similarities to the California bungalow include low-pitched, gabled roofs with oversized eaves and exposed rafters that create a canopy effect, and bands of windows.
In most accounts the special characteristic of "airplane" bungalows is a single room on the second floor, surrounded by windows, said to resemble the cockpit of an airplane, and designed as a sleeping room in summer weather with all-around access to breezes.
The style is described (in this source) as a variation of the Craftsman style, characterized by "its 'pop-up' second story; low-pitched gable roof with wide eaves and exposed structural members; wood clapboard siding; wood windows (primarily double-hung, with some tripartite, fixed, and casement); and prominent projecting front entrance porch.
"[2][3] By April 1916 the style had "just reached" El Paso, Texas, with a house, in the 2600 block,[4] on the south side of Montana Street (now Avenue).
"[5] The house of inventor and industrialist Ferdinand N. Kahler in New Albany, Indiana, built circa 1920, meets that criterion with its second-story sleeping room, even though the straightforward rectilinear design lacks gables and overhangs, and was brick construction, not wood.