Born in the Guria region of Georgia, into the Mgeladze family, then part of the minor Russian nobility.
Under Mgeladze, Georgian was made the language of instruction in Abkhazia, replacing Abkhaz and Russian at the start of the 1945–1946 academic year.
[3] Mgeladze succeeded in convincing Stalin to turn against Charkviani and strengthened his distrust of Beria.
[4] In March 1952 Mgeladze was appointed First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party by Beria, replacing Charkviani.
Mgeladze wrote a memoir, Сталин Каким я его знал: Страницы недавнего прошлого (Stalin As I Knew Him: Pages of the Recent Past), and died in 1980.