Akim Lvovich Volynsky (Аким Львович Волынский, real name Khaim Leybovich Flekser, Хаим Лейбович Флексер; 3 May 1861 – 6 July 1926) was a Russian literary (later theatre and ballet) critic and historian, one of the early ideologists of the Russian Modernism.

[1] Born into a Jewish family, his identity would play a role in his future artistic endeavors.

[2] Volynsky came to prominence in 1890—1895 with a series of essays published by Severny Vestnik of which he later became the co-editor.

It was followed by another seminal compilation, Fighting for Idealism (Борьба за идеализм, 1900).

Dostoyevsky (1906); the former drew accusations of plagiarism, as Volynsky the editor has apparently used in it the materials collected by Dmitry Merezhkovsky.