It roughly corresponded to most of present-day northern Kazakhstan and the southern part of Omsk Oblast in Russia.

It was created after the division of the Siberian Kirghiz into the oblasts Akmolinsk and Semirechensk on 21 October 1868.

[citation needed] Its center was Omsk and consisted of uezds of Akmolinsk, Atbasar, Kokchetav, Omsk and Petropavlovsk.

Significant minorities consisted of Russians and Ukrainians.

After the defeat of the White Army in the Russian Civil War, it was renamed as Omsk Governorate on 3 January 1920.