Additionally, individuals from regions outside Sudan—such as Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, Somalia, Chad, Egypt (including Copts), Armenia, and Kurdistan—contribute to its multicultural fabric.

This intricate social structure has evolved over time due to historical migrations during the period of Turkish rule and the Mahdist Revolution, as well as changes in the state's agricultural practices.

It hosts some of Sudan's largest rainfed agricultural projects, utilizing mechanized equipment such as tractors and combine harvesters that depend on rainfall.

Gedaref State contains approximately 11 designated forest reserves, primarily characterized by the prevalence of Acacia trees, which produce gum arabic.

There are also workshops that assemble tractors, combine harvesters, and other agricultural machinery, along with lathes for making spare parts and providing repair services.

The FAO is located in Gedaref, with the Rahad Agricultural Project's headquarters also in the city, which overlooks the main transit road from Khartoum to Port Sudan.

Alhawwath is the capital of the Rahad province, situated between the agricultural production areas and the railway line that leads to Port Sudan via the city of Kassala.

Tippers, located on the Sudan-Ethiopia border, is a hub for cross-border trade to Ethiopia, Somalia, and Djibouti, facilitated by the continental road network.

Gouge Bees is located near the Dinder National Park Reserve, one of the state's most promising areas following the discovery of mineral wealth, including gold ore and natural gas.