The original inhabitants of the state are the Beja people who constitute more than 65% of the total population, with lower wealth and power in the region.

Geographically, in the east, bordering the state, is the Red Sea.

Inland, mountains run from north to south, which are interrupted by arid plains.

The Siyal Islands are located in the disputed area between Egypt and Sudan in the northeast.

The Sudanese state is divided into the eight administrative areas: Bur Sudan (Port Sudan), Gebiet Elma'din, Halayib, Haya, Sawakin, Sinkat, Gunob Awlieb, Derodieb, Tokar and Ageeg.