His laboratory's research focuses on diseases afflicting citizens of resource poor countries, including AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and influenza.
He played a role in trade unions and community movements, and edited a township newspaper.
Aderem co-founded the Institute for Systems Biology with Leroy Hood and Ruedi Aebersold in 2000 and served as its director until 2011.
Aderem serves on the scientific advisory board of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative; the science steering committee of the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise; and as an advisory board member for the NIH LIPID MAPS Consortium.
Aderem served as chairman of the board of directors of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute-funded KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (KRITH).