Alcohol and breast cancer

[2] Group 1 carcinogens are the substances with the clearest scientific evidence that they cause cancer, such as smoking tobacco.

[11] Studies suggest that drinking alcohol during pregnancy may affect the likelihood of breast cancer in daughters.

"For women who are pregnant, ingestion of alcohol, even in moderation, may lead to elevated circulating oestradiol levels, either through a reduction of melatonin or some other mechanism.

This may then affect the developing mammary tissue such that the lifetime risk of breast cancer is raised in their daughters.

[13] Population studies have returned mixed results about excessive consumption of alcohol as a risk factor.

[15] Worldwide, alcohol consumption causes approximately 144,000 women to be diagnosed with breast cancer each year.