There he was elected to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and challenged a number of Bolshevik policies, particularly the ratification of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the political repression of Russian anarchists.

[4] In exile Ge collaborated with various anarchist press organs,[5] and made a living writing articles and essays for newspapers and magazines in Kyiv.

Around the same time he was elected to the editorial board of the anarchist newspaper Working World (Russian: Рабочий Мир, romanized: Rabochiy Mir).

"[6] In 1917 Ge welcomed the October Revolution and immediately returned to Russia,[9] where he was elected a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK).

"[12] In meetings of the VTsIK, Ge opposed the Bolshevik policies of centralisation and revolutionary terror, instead putting forward the idea of the decentralisation of state administration.

[5] On a VTsIK meeting on 23 February, he sharply denounced the conditions of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and proclaimed "terror and partisan warfare on two fronts", declaring that: "It is better to die for the worldwide social revolution than to live as a result of an agreement with German imperialism.

[14] By this time, anarchist detachments known as the Black Guards were already being established to wage guerrilla warfare against the German occupation of Ukraine and to carry out "expropriations" of private property.