Alexander Grigoryevich Chervyakov (Aliaksandr Charviakou, Belarusian: Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Чарвякоў, Aliaksandr Ryhoravič Čarviakoŭ Russian: Александр Григорьевич Червяков, Aleksandr Grigor'evič Červjakov; 25 February 1892 — 16 June 1937) was a Soviet Politician and revolutionary and one of the founders of the Communist Party of Byelorussia, who eventually became the leader of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

He is considered an “engine” of the policy of Belarusisation in the 1920s, working to establish a Belarusian national university, preserve cultural artefacts and protect historical monuments.

He was appointed chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee of Minsk in 1920, and because of that position, was involved in the creation of the Soviet Union.

He was elected as one of the first four Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on 30 December 1922 when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed.

He held that position until he was accused of “anti-Soviet activities” and killed himself on 16 June 1937 in order to avoid Stalin's Great Purge.