Alexander James Carlyle, FBA (24 July 1861 – 27 May 1943) was a British historian, social reformer and clergyman.
With his brother Sir Robert Carlyle, he wrote the six-volume History of Medieval Political Theory in the West (1903–36), to which he was the major contributor in five of the volumes.
In the meantime, he taught in Oxford colleges and also served as a canon of Worcester (1930–34).
He was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1934 and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Glasgow.
The Carlyle Lectures in political history are held in his memory at the University of Oxford.