Born in Lancaster County in the Province of Pennsylvania, he moved to Hawfields, North Carolina, by the time his father received a land grant in 1754.
He served as a delegate to the Provincial Congress of North Carolina in 1776, was named justice of the peace in 1776, the first sheriff of Orange County under statehood in 1777, and auditor of the Hillsborough district in 1783 and 1784.
Alexander served in the following positions during the American Revolution:[1][2] Mebane was an anti-federalist member of the conventions in Hillsborough in 1788 and in Fayetteville in 1789 which considered ratification of the United States Constitution.
Mebane served in the North Carolina House of Commons from 1787 to 1792, unsuccessfully ran for the 2nd congressional district in 1791[3], and was elected to the 3rd United States Congress in 1792, where he served one term representing the 4th congressional district (March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795).
[2] Alexander Mebane, Jr. died at Hawfields in Orange County, on July 5, 1795, shortly after he finished his first term in Congress.