Alexander Alekseyevich Shalimov (Ukrainian: Шалімов Олександр Олексійович; January 20, 1918 – February 28, 2006) was a Soviet and Ukrainian surgeon and one of the founders of the Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantation, which is named after him.

Alexander Shalimov was one of 11 children in a farmers family, which moved to Kuban (Koshekhabl) in 1925, where he attended school.

He then attended the Kuban State Medical University in Krasnodar, which he completed in 1941.

Since 1959 he held the Chair of Thoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology at the Kharkiv National Medical University.

Starting in May 1970 he held the Chair of Surgery at the Kyiv Institute of Continuing Education.