[7] He remained at the university to pursue a PhD entitled Spatiotemporal Evolution of Neotropical Organisms: New Insights into an Old Riddle, awarded in 2009.
[7] Antonelli studies the distribution, evolution, threats and sustainable uses of species and develops methods to speed up scientific discovery and innovation.
[21][22] He has recently been exploring the application of machine learning techniques for biodiversity research and conservation[23][24] In 2020, Antonelli led the State of the World's Plants and Fungi report,[25] a major international collaboration with an associated symposium.
Perss., Delprete & Antonelli (Rubiaceae)[31] Two species have also been named in his honour: Antonelli won the Senckenberg Prize for Nature Research (2022),[34] was awarded 1st Prize (with collaborators) in the GBIF Ebbe Nielsen Challenge (2020 and 2021),[35][36] and 2nd prize (2016),[35] was Cisneros Visiting Scholar, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University (2018),[11] was named as one of Sweden's 100 coolest researchers (2017), was a Future Research Leader, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (2016), elected member of the Young Academy of Sweden (2016-2019), was the Wallenberg Academy Fellow, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2014), and is an elected member of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg (2016-).
[7] In 2023, he was selected to sit on the Convention on Biological Diversity's Informal Advisory Group on Technical and Scientific Cooperation.