Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov (Russian: Алексе́й Па́влович Окла́дников; 1908–1981) was a Soviet archaeologist, historian, and ethnographer, an expert in the ancient cultures of Siberia and the Pacific Basin.

He was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1968, and awarded the honorary title of the Hero of Socialist Labor in 1978.

Since 1966 he was the director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy, Siberian Division of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

He identified numerous cultures of the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron Ages in Siberia and the Far East.

He excavated and studied remnants of Neanderthal culture in Teshik-Tash in Uzbekistan, Paleolithic remnants in Priamurye and Mongolia, as well as petroglyphs on the banks of the Lena River and the Angara River In 1945 Okladnikov examined the remains of a Russian polar expedition base left in 1617 in the Faddey Islands off the north-eastern coast of the Taymyr Peninsula, where he also made other discoveries.