Alfa was the designation of an Italian ballistic missile program that started in 1971 under the control of the GRS (Gruppo di Realizzazione Speciale Interforze).

Born from the development effort for efficient solid-propellant rocket engines, the Alfa was planned as a two-stage missile.

Test launches with an upper stage mockup took place between 1973 and 1975, from Salto di Quirra.

The first stage of the Alfa was 3.85 metres (12.6 ft) long and contained 6 t of HTPB-based composite solid propellant (73% AP, 15% binder and 12% aluminium).

The advanced Scout and Vega launchers currently used by the European Space Agency (ESA) derive their technological basis partially from Alfa studies.