PL is a powerful method for elucidating signaling networks,[9][10] dissecting molecular function, and potentially discovering novel disease genes.
[11][12] Ting's laboratory has developed three widely used enzymes for PL; all were engineered using directed evolution: the peroxidase APEX2,[13][14] and the biotin ligases TurboID and miniTurbo.
[15] In addition, Ting and her lab developed monovalent streptavidin,[16] site-specific biotinylation in mammalian cells,[17] small monovalent quantum dots for single molecule imaging,[18] APEX2 as a genetic tag for electron microscopy (analogous to green fluorescent protein but visible by electron microscopy),[19] split horseradish peroxidase for visualization of synapses in vivo,[20] FLARE (fast light- and activity-regulated expression) for gaining genetic access to activated neural ensembles,[21] SPARK (specific protein association tool giving transcriptional readout with rapid kinetics) for transcriptional readout of protein-protein interactions,[22] and PRIME (probe incorporation mediated by enzymes) – a protein labeling technique that enables scientists to capitalize on the brightness, photostability, small size, and chemical diversity of small-molecule probes as an alternative to green fluorescent protein.
[23] This innovation is built around G protein-coupled receptors and has demonstrated versatility in controlling neuronal activity, triggering immune responses, and delivering therapeutic treatments in laboratory settings.
The development of PAGER signifies a substantial advancement in the ability to program cell activity, with potential applications spanning from immunotherapy to neurology.