Society of Devotees of Natural Science, Anthropology, and Ethnography

The Society of Devotees of Natural Science, Anthropology, and Ethnography (OLEAE; Russian: Императорское общество любителей естествознания, антропологии и этнографии (ОЛЕАЭ)) was a public scientific organization in the Russian Empire and its successor states from 1863 to 1931.

Their first move in this direction was to establish a library this held books documenting the history of science and technology.

[2] In 1868 Alexei Pavlovich Fedchenko was recommended by the society to undertake a hazardous mission to recently conquered region of Russian Turkestan.

Kaufman was targeting the 1872 Moscow All-Russian Technical Exhibition as an opportunity to display their research.

[4] Alexei died in 1873 in a climbing accident on Mont Blanc[5] Olga buried her husband at Chamonix and at the request of the society continued to publish their work.