The territory today is part of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
The government region was created on 1 November 1905 as the third East Prussian Regierungsbezirk out of the southern districts of the two original administrative regions Gumbinnen and Königsberg, which had been established in 1815.
In the 1920 East Prussian plebiscite all the Allenstein Region plus the District of Oletzko [de] was part of the Allenstein Plebiscite precinct, with the electorate voting for remaining with Germany by more than 97%.
In 1945 following World War II, Regierungsbezirk Allenstein was dissolved when East Prussia was partitioned between the Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union (Kaliningrad Oblast) according to the resolutions at the Potsdam Conference.
The Allenstein region was ethnically mixed in 1910, with German, Polish and Masurian speakers.