The 1799 Jacotin map had not surveyed the area; it was drawn based on the notes of an inhabitant of Shefa-ʻAmr and some parts are incorrect.

In 1874, the Temple Society underwent a schism and envoys of the Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces successfully proselytised among the schismatics.

[10] While in Germany the Templers were regarded as sectarians, the Evangelical proselytes gained major financial and ideological support from Lutheran and United church bodies.

The Haifa engineer Ernst August Voigt presented the plan of the streets and the 16 allotments around a central plot reserved for a church.

In 1909 the Jerusalemsverein [de] (Jerusalem Association), a Berlin-based organisation supportive of Protestant activities in the Holy Land, contributed money for the development of a water supply.

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British authorities, Umm al Amad had a population of 128; 63 Christians and 65 Muslims.

[15] This had increased slightly in the 1931 census, when Umm el Amad had a population of 231; 163 Muslim and 68 Christians, in a total of 76 inhabited houses.

International schools of German language subsidised or fully financed with government funds were asked to redraw their educational programs and employ teachers aligned to the Nazi party.

[29] According to Meir Amit who led the operation, a decision to take over the villages, which were considered friendly to the Arabs, was taken in March because Amin al-Husayni had had contact with the Nazi government during WW2.

with housing made of stone in contrast to the sheet metal, old pipes and wiring used to build local Jewish settlements.

[33] At 04:00 on 17 April 1948 a unit composed of three platoons of Golani troopers from the Dror and Nafat Levi Battalions, drawn from members of the Nahalal, Alonim, Kfar Yehoshua Sde Ya'akov and Sha'ar HaAmakim settlements and backed by armoured trucks mounted with machine guns.

[35] The few British soldiers under camp commander Alan Tilbury were unable to impede the attack during which two colonists, Karl and Regina Aimann, were shot dead, 'before they could even say 'good morning',' in the words of Meir Amit.

[36] Newspaper accounts the day after reported they were shot when they resisted arrest while armed, and that the action was taken to intercept plans by 'Arab gangs' to take over the property.

Having ordered their three children, Traugott, Helmut and Gisela to hide in a bedroom, the couple went to the door when two Jewish soldiers began knocked loudly and were cut down when they opened it.

[38] A third woman, Katharina Deininger (65), who was milking in the cow shed at the time, suffered a severe wounding when she was shot in the head.

[39][40] Medical assistance was denied to the father, who was still alive, and the community once rounded up was locked up in a building and later subjected to a long speech in which they were all denounced as Nazis.

[42] The internees were given 20 minutes to collect what remained of their belongings, all their valuables and good clothes having been looted in the meantime, together with ploughs, disks and tractors.

[44] The soldiers who shot the Almanns were reprimanded,- one of them, Chummi Zarchi from Nahalal, had angry memories of several Ukrainian relatives killed in the Holocaust -[45] and the looting deplored not on moral grounds but because it endangered operative priorities.

[46] This incident and the end of the Mandate forced the British to hasten the resettlement, thus all the internees, 51 Germans and 4 Swiss, as well as those from the other settlements, were transferred to Cyprus, into a camp of simple tents near Famagusta.

[47] On 12 May 1948 a group of young Zionist pioneers from Czechoslovakia, Austria and Romania, members of HaNoar HaTzioni, established kibbutz BaMa'avak (In The Struggle) in the abandoned colony, after four years of agricultural training in Herzliya.