Alphonse de Cailleux, in full Alexandre Achille Alphonse de Cailleux[1] but numerous variations exist[2] (31 December 1788 – 24 May 1876) was a painter, connoisseur and arts administrator who became director of the Musée du Louvre and all the royal museums of France.

In 1836, he was appointed directeur adjoint at the Louvre, where he assisted the increasingly debilitated Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste de Forbin.

Upon Forbin's death he was appointed directeur général des beaux-arts, a precursor of the position of Minister of Fine Arts.

In 1845, he was elected a membre libre (not being an artist himself) of the Académie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France.

As revolt erupted and Louis Philippe abdicated in February 1848, Cailleux, a confirmed royalist, resigned his posts.