[1] Chowdhury was born in 1888 at his maternal home in Matidali Nawab Bari, Bogra District, Bengal Presidency.
He belonged to a Bengali zamindar family known as the Nawabs of Dhanbari in Tangail District.
[2][3][4] His mother, Syeda Altafunnesa Chowdhurani, was the only child of Abdus Sobhan Chowdhury, the Nawab of Bogra.
Chowdhury eventually joined the Swaraj Party founded and led by Chittaranjan Das.
In 1924, he was elected to the Bengal Legislative Council as a Swaraj Party candidate in the Mymensingh East constituency.