After independence, Vidyalankar served as Minister of Education, Labor and Languages in the Government of Punjab from 1957 to 1962 and was a member of the First (1952–1956), Third (1962–1967) and Fifth (1971–1977) Lok Sabhas.

[2] He was also a life member of Servants of the Peoples Society where he organized kissan schools and study circles.

[1] Lala Lajpat Rai gave Vidyalankar the job of teaching history at Lahore National College, where Bhagat singh and his associates were his students.

After the closure of National College, Lala Lajpat Rai sent him to Hisar to assist famine victims in remote areas.

In Haryana he worked in the labour movement, and in 1931 was sentenced to two years in jail for his editorial on the failure of the Round Table Conferences.

[6][7][additional citation(s) needed]He served as president of the Punjab branch of the Indian National Trade Union Congress, leader of the Indian delegation to International Labour Organisation, leader of goodwill delegation to Yugoslavia, Afghanistan.

[citation needed] During his imprisonment during the 1930s and 1940s, Vidyalankar led worker study circles on political, social and economic subjects.