The Amberg–Schmidmühlen railway was a 21 kilometre long Bavarian branch line in southern Germany.

Although as early as 1904 the legal basis had been established for this Lokalbahn route that was to link Amberg along the Vils valley with Schmidmühlen, there were considerable delays due to numerous arguments over questions of detail as well as over an extension of the line to Hohenburg in the Lauterach valley.

The first section to Ensdorf, which branched off the line to Lauterhofen at Drahthammer station, was not opened until 1 May 1910.

As a result of the increased use of railway buses in the 1950s and 1960s, passenger services on the rails were withdrawn on 1 July 1966.

Goods traffic continued for considerably longer, albeit only for one customer: the limekiln belonging to the Maxhütte factory at Vilshofen.