The county covers an area of 43,410.85 square kilometres and is dominated by mainly by Tibetan grassland.

There is a major rail depot 3 km (1.9 mi) west of the town.

Cona Lake lies to the southwest of the town of Amdo.

Amdo county contains the following 4 towns and 9 townships: * Although being administered by Amdo County, Yanshipin, Gangnyi, Marchu, Sewu, Marrong and Töma are partially or entirely located within the borders of Qinghai province.

Amdo railway station offers a train operated once every 2 days to Lhasa, Lanzhou and Xining respectively.