Ameloblastic fibroma usually appears as painless swelling of the jaw in the posterior region of the mandible.

The lesion can be asymptomatic when it is small and most are incidental findings of routine dental radiographic imaging, etc.

[7] The Ameloblastic Fibroma epithelial tissue could be confused with the most common odontogenic tumour, the Ameloblastoma.

The malignant Ameloblastic Fibroma histologically shows transformation in the mesenchymal component with increased cellularity, accompanied by a progressive reduction in epithelial tissue.

[1] An ameloblastic fibroma is classified by The World Health Organisation as a benign mixed odontogenic tumour.

During human development, embryonic cells of ectoderm and mesenchyme produce epithelial and ectomesenchyme tissues.

If the mass contains hard dental tissues they are known as odontoma, which are not true neoplasm, but classified as hamartomatous lesions.

A conservative treatment strategy, such as enucleation and curettage, is usually sufficient for small ameloblastic fibromas.

However, extensive and aggressive lesions may require radical treatment such as in older patients who have likely high recurrence tendency.

Occasionally, more radical treatment is required with excision of the tumour with a margin of healthy tissue.

[8] This kind of treatment also requires reconstruction of the affected area, with bone grafts often being the preferred choice for remodelling.

[10] Implants in compromised areas filled with a bone graft can prove useful for functional and aesthetic stability.

[11] Close radiographic and clinical follow up is important to identify recurrence and malignant transformation.