Her paternal grandfather was Mirza Muhammad Madani, who was of either Arab or Turkic descent, the son of a foster-brother of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

[citation needed] After the death of her father in 1756, her son Siraj succeeded the throne as the next Nawab of Bengal.

Siraj was defeated by the British East India Company in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 partly due to the treachery of Amina's maternal cousin Mir Jafar.

Amina Begum was subsequently imprisoned along with her other family members including her mother, sister, and daughter-in-law.

They were exiled from Murshidabad on a boat travelling to Jahangirnagar (Dhaka) in 1758, and were kept confined in the Jinjira Palace.