Ammar ibn Yasir
After the migration to Medina, he participated in building the Prophet's Mosque and fought in most of the early Muslim expeditions.
[2][3][4] Belonging to the Banu Makhzum, Ammar was born in the year 567 to Yasir ibn Amir and Sumayya, both of whom were brutally killed.
At an early age, Ammar converted to Islam by the invitation of Abu Bakr, becoming one of the earliest Muslims.
[10] As Ammar later told his grandson: "I met Suhayb ibn Sinan at the door of the house of Al-Arqam while the Messenger of Allah was in it.
[12] When Quraysh knew of the conversion of Yasir's family to Islam, they were among the "victims who were tortured at Mecca to make them recant".
[15][16] Ammar was tortured "until he did not know what he was saying," as was his friend Suhayb; in that state, he eventually maligned Muhammad and spoke well of the pagan gods.
[17][18] Ammar's mother was murdered by Abu Jahl for her refusal to abandon Islam: she is considered the first Muslim martyr.
[8] Besides his major involvement in Islam's military campaigns, this incident in Muhammad's life proved to be of most importance -historically- to Muslims: while Ammar was participating in building the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, "[and he] came in when they had overloaded him with bricks saying, 'They are killing me.
Umm Salama the prophet's wife said: I saw the apostle run his hand through is hair--for he was a curly-haired man--and say 'Alas Ibn Sumayya!
'"[24][25][26][27] These reports, viewed as valid by both Sunnis and Shi'is, would later be important during the issue of succession and particularly in interpreting Ammar's death in the Battle of Siffin.
[36] According to one report recorded by al-Tabari, Ammar was questioned upon arrival for participating in Uthman's murder; however, he continued to try to convince the governor, Abu Musa, to take a stance instead of remaining impartial in the conflict.
[37] Al-Tabari reports how Abu Musa had encouraged the Kufans to remain neutral because he did not want to participate in inter-Muslim fighting, and he also believed that the Muslim community still owed their allegiance to Uthman because no new successor had been named.
[27] Al-Tabari again includes multiple reports of the same event, which in this case is a moment during the battle in which Ammar and al-Zubayr confront each other.
At the end of the battle, which is successful for Ali's side, Ali orders Ammar and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr to remove Aisha from her camel and bring her to 'Abdallah ibn Khalaf al-Khuza I's home in Basrah;[37] because Al-Tabari repeatedly cites multiple reports from different transmitters, such variations in the consistency of the incidents' details -at that time- renders the reported nature of the consequential meeting of Ammar and ʻA'ishah unclear: for one account displays ʻA'ishah as hostile towards Ammar,[37] whereas another later report describes the two as being on more amicable terms.
[41][42][43] After the death of Muhammad, Ammar remained loyal to Ali and is referred to by Shia Muslims as one of the Four Companions.
[45]In Shia Islam, Muhammad willed Ammar ibn Yasir as one of the four Sahabas whose guidance should be heeded by Muslims and also being those promised paradise.
