Jolshybekov was born in 1947 in the village of Tamdy in the Jambyl Region of Kazakh SSR.

Jolshybekov was promoted to head of the workshop and the Deputy Director of the Berlik Bread Production Enterprise, where he stayed until 1973.

Beginning in 1978, Jolshybekov worked in various government bodies in the Jambyl region.

After graduating, Jolshybekov was the Deputy Head of the Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan until 1990, when he became the Secretary of the Jambyl Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.

In September 1998, Jolshybekov became the Deputy Head of the Organization and Control Department of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan.