Ana Margarida Costa Arruda dos Santos Gonçalves (born in 1955) is a Portuguese historian and archaeologist specialized in Phoenician-Punic archaeology.
[1] Arruda has participated and studied in depth most of the archaeological excavations related to the Phoenician colonisation of Portugal, like the former coastal sites of Santa Olaia,[2] Abul,[3] Alcaçova de Santarém,[4] Castle of Castro Marim,[5] Conímbriga,[6][7] Setúbal,[8] among others.
She evidenced the greater antiquity of the archaeological sites of Santarém and Conímbriga with regard to the ones of Santa Olaia and Abul.
[10] She do not discard the theory of the Spanish scholars Francisco José Moreno Arrastio and Fernando López Pardo that Phoenicians were also interested the slave trade.
[11] However she disagreed with the theory that agriculture was the main reason for the Phoenician colonisation of Portugal as proposed by Carlos González Wagner and Jaime Alvar Ezquerra.