Ana María (17 May 1929 – 6 April 1983) was the nom-de-guerre of Dr. Mélida Anaya Montes, the second in command of the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL), the oldest of the five guerrilla organizations making up the FMLN, in El Salvador.

Later, the FMLN blamed its leader Cayetano Carpio (sometimes referred to as the "Ho Chi Minh of Latin America") as the person responsible for the crime, and he committed suicide.

In 1965, Anaya Montes founded the National Association of El Salvadorian Teachers (ANDES), also known as 21 de Junio, after its first demonstration in 1965.

After her burial and upon hearing the news that he was implicated in masterminding Ana María's murder, Carpio committed suicide in his home.

The Melida Anaya Montes Language School in San Salvador, which uses popular education techniques highlights social justice issues, is named for her.