[1] With respect to authentication, an "ancient document" is one that may be deemed authentic without a witness to attest to the circumstances of its creation because its age suggests that it is unlikely to have been falsified in anticipation of the litigation in which it is introduced.
Under the American Federal Rules of Evidence ("FRE"), a document is deemed authentic if it is:[1] Many states have similar rules, but may limit the application of the doctrine to specific kinds of documents such as dispositive instruments (primarily conveyances, deeds, and wills), and may require the documents to be even older.
Ancient documents also present an exception to the hearsay rule.
Because of their age, they may be presented as evidence of the truth of any statements contained therein.
Many states follow this rule as well, but again most limit it to documents that dispose of property.