[23][24] The 2010 United States census counted 606 people, 241 households, and 164 families in the borough.

[33] As of the 2000 United States census[15] there were 658 people, 261 households, and 180 families residing in the borough.

[6] The borough form of government used by Andover is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie.

The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council.

[35][36] As of 2024[update], the mayor of Andover Borough is Republican John A. Morgan, whose term of office ends December 31, 2027.

Members of the Borough Council are Melvin Dennison (R, 2024), Frederick DiRenzo (R, 2026), Jason Lane (R, 2025), Randolph Mallon (D, 2025), Robert L. Smith (R, 2024) and Erin K. Webb (R, 2026).

[3][37][38][39][40] In February 2022, the borough council selected Randolph Mallon to fill the seat expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Peter Pearson until he resigned from office the previous month.

[41][42] In February 2016, the borough council chose John Hoag from three candidates proposed by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat that had been held Eskil S. Danielson that will expire in December 2017; Hoag will serve on an interim basis until the November 2016 general election, when voters will choose someone to serve the balance of the term.

[43] In February 2015, the borough council selected Michael Figueiredo from a list of three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2016 that became vacant when Deborah McGowan resigned from office.

[47][48][49] For the 119th United States Congress, New Jersey's 7th congressional district is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield).

[51] For the 2024-2025 session, the 24th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Parker Space (R, Wantage Township) and in the General Assembly by Dawn Fantasia (R, Franklin) and Mike Inganamort (R, Chester Township).

At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Commissioner Director and Deputy Director from among its members, with day-to-day supervision of the operation of the county delegated to a County Administrator.

[63] Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 66.5% (vs. 65.8% in Sussex County) were registered to vote, including 84.3% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 86.5% countywide).

[83][84][85][86] The district's board of education is comprised of nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration,[87] with Andover Borough assigned one of the nine seats, based on the population of the two constituent municipalities.

[91] Since 1972, Lakeland Andover School has been operating as a therapeutic, nonprofit, private day school for students in grades 7–12, serving the educational and vocational training needs of students with emotional and behavioral challenges.

[94] As part of restoring train service via the Lackawanna Cut-Off, $61 million had been secured by then U.S.

Congressman Rodney Frelinghuysen for NJ Transit to rebuild a 7.3 miles (11.7 km) stretch of the former railroad to a new station in Andover Township, which had been projected by 2021 but currently is estimated to open in 2026.