[1] Shortly after qualifying for RCS membership, Gray was appointed as a surgeon-superintendent for the Colonial Land and Emigration Commission, which involved accompanying migrants on assisted passage schemes as the ship's chief medical officer, as well as maintaining their welfare and discipline.
The colony of Victoria had no compulsory registration to practice medicine, although there was a voluntary register, to which Gray added his name on 2 May 1859.
Following the completion of the line in March 1862, and the subsequent drop in the workforce, Gray's position was terminated and he moved to Melbourne late in the year.
He began practice as a surgeon and ophthalmologist in Russell Street for several months, and then prompted by the number of patients seeking treatment for eye and ear disease, founded the Eye and Ear Infirmary in rented premises at 2 Albert Street, East Melbourne.
He had been suffering from cystitis, bronchopneumonia and exhaustion, but nonetheless had continued to work at the Eye and Ear Hospital until two weeks before his death.