From 1906 to 1931 Anokhin made numerous ethnographic and folklore expeditions across Southern Siberia, Mongolia, and Eastern Kazakhstan.
Anokhin wrote a number of research reports, and published works "Bogatyr (Mighty hero) epos", "Buddhist temple music", "Materials about Altaians' shamanism" [Texts/Anokhin-Shamanstvo.pdf] (Leningrad, 1924), "Burhanizm in Western Altai" (collection "Siberian lights", 1927).
From 1918 Anokhin worked in Chemal school in Altai, from 1921 he lived in Barnaul, teaching music and singing.
He became an initiator of a concert series that included his compositions, a suite "Khan-Altai", poem "Khan-Erlik", an oratorio "Talai-khan".
In 1923 for his research about the beliefs of southern Altaians, Anokhin was elected a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.