The Anglo-Portuguese Army was established with the British Army deployed to the Iberian Peninsula under the command of General Arthur Wellesley, and the Portuguese Army rebuilt under the leadership of British General William Beresford and the Portuguese War Secretary Miguel Pereira Forjaz.

On 22 April 1809, Wellesley became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in the Peninsula, replacing General Cradock, whose assessment of the military situation the British government found too pessimistic.

The Army was organised into divisions, most of them including mixed British-Portuguese units.

The following tables show the order of battle and commanders of the Anglo-Portuguese Army at various stages in the Peninsular War.

Marshal William Carr Beresford[7] Lt Gen Sir Thomas Graham[9] Maj Gen Sir William Erskine Lt Gen the Earl of Dalhousie[18] Lt Gen Sir Thomas Graham[19] Lt Gen the Hon Sir John Hope[21] Maj Gen Charles, Baron von Alten[22] Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford[23] Lt Gen the Hon Sir John Hope[25] Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford[26]