It is officially elected by the Anhui Provincial People's Congress [zh] and is formally responsible to the Anhui Provincial People's Congress and its Standing Committee [zh].

Under the country's one-party system, the governor is subordinate to the secretary of the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

On 16 February 1949, the East China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party decided to establish the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the Anhui Provincial People's Government.

[1] Its name was changed to Anhui Provincial People's Committee (安徽省人民委员会) in March 1955 and subsequently Anhui Provincial Revolutionary Committee (安徽省革命委员会) in April 1968 during the Cultural Revolution.

On May 1, 2016, the Anhui Provincial People's Government and the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party officially inaugurated their headquarters at 1 Zhongshan Road, Baohu District, Hefei.