Biswas born in a middle class Mahishya family of Darermath village near Karimpur, Nadia district.

in 1961 he joined the Krishnagar Government College and came under the influence of Marxist leaders like Harinarayan Adhikari and Dinesh Mazumdar and also became an active member of the Students' Federation of India.

After taking an Honours degree in political science, he shifted to Kolkata to pursue his academic career.

In 1998, took charge as the secretary of the State committee after his predecessor Sailen Dasgupta resigned owing to ill-health and old age.

It got the Left front a huge victory in spite of strong opposition from Mamata Banerjee's TMC.

It is largely believed that the demise of Anil Biswas and other important ground-leaders such as Subhas Chakraborty paved the way for the opposition to come into power replacing the Left Front.