[1] Russia's Penal Code addresses animal cruelty under its chapter on crimes against human health and public morality.
The Code prohibits causing injury or death to an animal with malicious or mercenary motives, or with sadistic methods, or in the presence of minors.
[2] Russian chicken and pig production has increasingly moved towards an intensive farming model.
De-beaking, de-toeing, tail-docking, tooth pulling, castration, and dehorning of livestock without anaesthetic are legal, as is confinement in gestation crates and battery cages.
[1] In 2014, Russian fishermen caught an estimated 4.215 million metric tons of wild fish.
[11] One of the unusual shelters for animals was founded in Russia by Lily Gazizullina for cows destined for slaughter.