Animalier school

The movement was largely centered in France, with some artists producing related subject matter in England, Italy, Germany, Russia, and North America.

[4] The term animalier is most often used to refer to a group of sculptors and painters in mid-century France including Antoine-Louis Barye, Rembrandt Bugatti (felines, human figures, and zoo animals).

In 1882 Édouard Manet created a portrait in pastel on canvas of the animalier artist Julien de La Rochenoire, which has been owned by the Getty Museum since 2014.

Important artists of the animalier movement included Antoine-Louis Barye (1796–1875), Rembrandt Bugatti (1884–1916), George Stubbs (1724–1806), Alfred Dedreux (1810–1860), Christopher Fratin (1801–1864),[11][12] Alexandre Guionnet, Pierre-Jules Mêne (1810–1879).

Modern reproductions of the original sculptures frequently use patinated verdigris cast bronze or iron, or bonded marble resin (pulverized reconstituted marble combined with resin glue), as well as various other materials and techniques, such as a composite of Capiz placuna placenta oyster shells, also known as window oyster shells, which come primarily from the Philippines (where they are known as kapiz).