He had been a missionary on Tanna but he was involved with encouraging the British to make a punitive mission there so he was persona non grata.

They were now successful missionaries of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria and over the next fifteen years all of the 200 inhabitants identified as Christians.

[3] Like the nearby West Futuna, it is a Polynesian outlier, and thus its inhabitants originally came from Samoa, and the Wallis and Futuna group instead of the Melanesians of other nearby islands, although there has been much intermarriage with Tanna over the generations.

The island is served by Aniwa Airport, an air strip in the north with flights from Port Vila twice a week.

Anchorage is challenging in 20m on the west coast of the island, identifiable by a white square painted onto the coral face.