[1][2] Founded in Qajar Iran, in 1899, it was originally a continuation of the Safi'alishahi branch of Ni'matullāhī, an Iranian Shia Sufi order.
[1] Safi'alishah's charisma and social activities enabled him to attract a large number of followers, including members of the upper classes such as many government officials and the elite from the capital city Tehran.
[1][3][2] Shortly after Safi'alishah's death, Zahir-ol-Dowleh announced the official establishment of the society on 21 December 1899, which gained the recognition of the ruling King of Iran Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1896–1907).
[1][2] Although the society was allegedly "apolitical", a large amount of "its cultural activities had anti-despotic and reformist undertones that supported the constitutionalists' demands".
[2] The society published numerous periodicals, including the Majmue-ye akhlaq ("Ethical miscellany"), the Okhovat-e Shiraz, the Okhovat, and the daily Kukab-e gharb ("The western star").