Anneila Isabel Sargent (née Cassells; born 1942) is a Scottish–American astronomer who specializes in star formation.

Sargent was nominated in 2011 by President Obama to serve a six-year term on the National Science Board.

[7] Sargent won both the NASA Public Service Medal and the Caltech Woman of the Year Award in 1998.

The University of Edinburgh named her Alumnus of the Year in 2002 and conferred an honorary degree of Doctor of Science on her in 2008.

[11] In the June 2023 Graduation Ceremonies at University of St Andrews, Sargent was awarded Doctor of Science (DSc),[12] in recognition of her major contribution to astronomy.