Ansuyabai was born in Kampti, Madhya Pradesh (then a part of Central Provinces and Berar) in 1929 to a family of cultivators.
[1] She received education from Salem Girls Hindi English Middle School of Raipur.
[2] Borkar was an active social worker and conducted education programs for adult women in Nagpur.
[1] She was also a member of the Nagpur district committee of the Indian National Congress (INC) party.
[2][3] After the death of her husband, a sitting MP, Borkar contested for and won a seat from the two-member Bhandara (Reserved, Madhya Pradesh) constituency in the 1955 by-election as an INC candidate, obtaining 84,458 votes.